NY Ct of Appeals Reaffirms that Manufacturer Has Post-Sale Duty to Warn, Not Recall

In Adams v Genie Industries, Inc., decided today, the Court of Appeals ruled that a manufacturer has a post-sale duty to warn of risks discovered after the sale of a product; the manufacturer does not have a duty to recall or retrofit the product.    The case arose from the tipping over of a personnel lift manufactured by defendant. The accident occurred approximately 11 years after the lift was sold to the plaintiff’s employer.

The case also discusses when a party may appeal after it has stipulated an additur or remittitur. Any information about when an order may be appealed is always welcome.

 

 

Manufacturers Not Strictly Liable in New York for Machines Sold as Surplus Equipment

Going through the pile of decisions that I meant to write about, but didn’t, I came across a New York Court of Appeals decision from earlier this year that should be of interest to anyone advising about used equipment sales.  In Jaramillo v. Weyerhaeuser,  the court reaffirmed its prior rulings that a business selling its used equipment is not strictly liable for a workplace accident where the equipment was not sold in the ordinary course of business and was sold “as is, where is.” 

The machine in issue was sold as part of the defendant’s Investment Recovery Business, a division that distributes quarterly catalogs of sale items, advertises in trade journals and does market research.  The year the machine was sold (1986) the division grossed between 7.5 million and 8.5 million dollars.  The sale was not deemed in the ordinary course of business and defendant was not strictly liable for plaintiff’s injuries.

Although the opinion left the door open for “some imaginable case” where a seller of used goods could be held strictly liable, this decision reads as if the court is trying to drive a stake through the heart of these claims.  In any event, a seller of surplus equipment is provided with a useful road map of the relevant factual considerations.  For an injured plaintiff, it should do the same, but is pretty discouraging as to the likelihood of success.

 

Washington Refuses to Find Manufacturer Liable for Failure to Warn of Hazards of Another's Product Used As a Replacement Component

Taking it a step further, in a second asbestos product liability case decided today, Braaten v. Saberhagen Holdings  the Washington Supreme Court refused to hold a manufacturer liable for duty to warn of dangers of exposure to  asbestos in replacement parts that it did not manufacture. 

The products in issue were pumps, which used asbestos packing and gaskets.  The manufacturers did not specify that asbestos packing and gaskets had to be used when the original packing and gaskets were replaced.

The defendant manufacturers did not sell replacement packing or gaskets and plaintiff was not able to sufficiently demonstrate that he was exposed to the original product.  The court noted that even where the replacement products were virtually the same as the original there would be no liability where defendant was not the manufacturer.  This opinion is pretty strong, but maybe there would be a claim for design defect if asbestos containing components were specified by the manufacturer, or, if this didn’t involve asbestos.

The case also refused to impose liability in connection with exposure to the asbestos insulation used around the pumps.

Again, three judges dissented.



 

Washington Refuses to Find Manufacturer Liable for Failure to Warn of Hazards of Another's Product

Today, the Washington Supreme Court refused to hold a manufacturer liable for failing to warn of the danger of another manufacturer’s product.  The case Simonetta v. Viad Corporation involved a claim for personal injury as a result of asbestos exposure. Because the plaintiff was exposed to asbestos before 1981, the court decided the case using common law principles of negligence and strict liability rather than the Washington Product Liability Act.

Defendant manufactured and sold an evaporator, which did not contain asbestos but which was encapsulated with insulation (asbestos) when it was used.  In order to maintain the product, the insulation had to be disturbed.  In an extensive opinion, the court ruled that there was no duty to warn of the dangers of asbestos because defendant did not manufacture, supply or sell it.  Liability for negligent failure to warn is limited to those in the chain of distribution of the hazardous product.  Strict liability attaches to the manufacturer of a product.  Here the dangerous product was asbestos not the evaporator.  The opinion is must reading for anyone who wants (needs to) distinguish between strict liability for failure to warn and negligent failure to warn. 

There was a three judge dissent which would have found that plaintiff stated a prima facie case for negligence and strict liability.